Guideline: Dr. W. Edwards Deming, a noted thinker and proponent of quality, spoke of a system comprised of seven parts - aim, customers, suppliers, input, process, output, and quality measurement. In his view, if any one piece was missing then you simply had a collection of pieces and not a system. Embracing a systems approach to programmatic evaluation enables a school's staff to focus their improvement efforts on those tasks that bring value to their work.